板式家具表面肤感装饰
技术研究进展
1. 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 北京 100091
2. 广东瀚秋智能装备股份有限公司 广东佛山 528308
摘要:随着科技的提升和人民生活水平的提高,消费者对木质家居产品的品质要求从“视觉”向“触觉”发展,“肤感”家具产品近年来发展迅速。本文对板式家具表面肤感装饰技术的研究进展进行概述,总结板式家具肤感表面形成机制,肤感产品的生产技术、肤感性能评价方法等,并分析存在的问题与发展建议,为板式家具表面肤感性能的进一步提升提供参考。
关键词:板式家具;肤感;表面装饰;褶皱结构
中图分类号:TS664 文献标识码:B 文章编号:2096-9694(2024)04-0072-07
Research Progress on Technology of Decorative Skin-Tactile Surface for Panel Furniture
LIU Ru1,SUN Yuhui1,LONG Ling1,FU Qiuxia1, 2
1.Research Institute of Wood Industry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;2.Guangdong Purete Mechanical Co.,Ltd.,Foshan 528308,Guangdong,China
Abstract: With the development of technology and people’s living standards, consumers have shifted their perception of wooden home products from “visual” to “tactile”. Skin-tactile wood-based panel products have been developed quickly in recent years. This paper summarizes the recent research progress of technology of decorative skin-tactile panel furniture including the formation mechanisms of skin-tactile surface, production technology of the panel products, and the measurements. Meanwhile, the shortcomings were analyzed and comments were provided for the future developments of skin-tactile panel furniture.Key words: panel furniture; skin-tactile; surface decoration; wrinkled structures
随着科技的提升和人民生活水平的提高,消费者对家居产品的要求逐渐提升。一些家居产品在满足基本功能的同时,逐渐从“视觉”开始往“触觉”方面进行品质升级。近年来,一种“肤感”表面装饰技术开始应用于板式家具。肤感是一种人体皮肤与外界发生接触时所获得的综合感受,包括柔软、温暖、舒适等。目前“肤感”研究集中于化妆品、纺织品、皮革等领域,通过接触时的顺滑、软硬等感受来进行评价[1]。相对这些领域,板式家具等木制品表面肤感的研究较少。本文从肤感表面形成机制、肤感产品的生产技术、肤感性能评价方法等方面进行总结,分析存在的问题并提出发展建议,旨在为板式家具表面“肤感”性能的进一步提升提供参考。
肤感表面的形成机制
板式家具表面肤感的形成关键在于特殊的微纳米褶皱结构,如图1所示,这种结构可通过外力或者自发形成[2]。
图1 板式家具肤感表面的微纳米褶皱结构
Fig.1 Micro-nano wrinkled structure of skin-tactile surface on panel furniture
外力形成机制
自发形成机制
板式家具肤感产品的生产技术
目前的表面肤感产品多为板式家具产品,其生产技术可归纳为平贴法、膜压法和涂饰法等[9]。
平贴法
膜压法
涂饰法
涂饰法以辐射膨胀法为肤感形成机制,将肤感涂料涂饰在人造板表面,利用辐射固化源刺激油漆成分自动排列,形成褶皱纹理[13]。因此,以涂饰法形成肤感表面主要是对涂料配方的筛选,使其在特定固化方法下形成具有褶皱的纹理结构。目前常用的涂料包括水性涂料、溶剂型涂料等挥发型涂料和辐射固化型涂料。辐射固化涂料的固化源包括紫外光(UV)、发光二极管(LED)联合准分子灯和电子束(electron beam,EB)等。
水性涂料、溶剂型涂料和UV固化涂料肤感板式家具
LED联合准分子灯预固化肤感板式家具
(1)准分子灯波长
表1 172 nm准分子灯预固化光源的肤感涂料配方[22]
Tab.1 Formula of skin-tactile coatings pre-cured by 172 nm excimer lamp
(2)基材
电子束固化肤感板式家具
肤感性能评价方法
目前人造板表面肤感性能尚无系统的评价方法,现有的评价法包括主观评价法和客观评价法两种。
主观评价法
表2 肤感等级分级
Tab.2 Grade leves of skin-tactile
客观评价法
问题与建议
基于板式家具表面肤感形成机制、肤感产品的生产方式、肤感性能评价方法等方面研究进展,未来还可以从如下方面着手研究。
⏩在肤感形成机制方面,目前的研究仅限于发现了肤感的形成与其表面的褶皱结构相关,然而褶皱的深度、宽度以及不同涂层之间的协同关系有待进一步探索。对于不同的肤感材料,如肤感膜或涂料配方之间的差异对肤感性能的影响尚未见报道,未来可以进一步发掘不同基材、不同底漆等对肤感形成以及性能的影响。
⏩在准分子设备研究方面,目前的产品多限于平面产品,而对异型产品的开发较少,比如LED-准分子固化法可否应用于异面产品;目前仅应用波长172和254 nm的准分子设备,其余波长的准分子设备是否也可以实现肤感效果,以及其性能增强作用,有待于进一步探究。
⏩在涂料涂饰工艺方面,电子束可以实现涂料的深层次固化,是否可以增加涂料的涂布量,在满足表面性能的同时减少涂布次数,实现涂布效率的提升,创制表面性能更优良的肤感饰面板产品。
⏩在产品方面,目前肤感产品由于表面褶皱对光的漫反射效果使其表面光泽度呈现哑光,对于其他光泽度产品的研究还相对较少,例如高光产品(60o光泽度大于85 GU)是否能够实现肤感效果,还有待于进一步研究。
⏩在肤感性能评价标准方法方面,应进一步建立客观的评价方法,健全完善考核指标体系。如加强肤感产品的耐持久性研究,考量产品表面摩擦次数与肤感性能消失的相关性,并将相关指标纳
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(本文编校 向 琴)
信息来源: PURETE普瑞特